Mammology Center of the clinic of the Valikhnovski Surgery Institute performs the surgical operations on the mammary gland, which allow to restore or improve the appearance of the breast, and in the case of diseases of this organ, to cure it.
Breast cancer (cancer of mammary gland, breast oncology, mammary gland oncology) is a disease that occurs due to mutation (genetic changes) of cells of the glandular tissue, the walls of the milk ducts, and rarely other tissues, as a result of which a malignant tumor develops. This is the most common form of cancer, which on average affects every twelfth woman in the world and, in the case of untimely or improper medical care, according to the data of the World Health Organization, is the leading cause of death of women from oncological diseases.
Current life-saving surgical treatment for breast cancer is combined, meaning it is combined with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The main method is a surgical operation to remove the tumor and reconstruct the breast.
In the Valikhnovski Surgery Institute clinic, we will save you from breast cancer itself and the consequences of its treatment (deformations after previously performed operations and other treatment options).
Intraductal carcinoma in situ cancer
That is located in the ducts of the mammary gland within the surface layer of cells and has not spread anywhere else
Invasive ductal carcinoma cancer
That is located in the ducts of the mammary gland and has penetrated into other layers of them
Lobular (partial) carcinoma in situ cancer
that is located in the glandular tissue of the breast within the lobe and has not spread anywhere else
Invasive lobular (partial) carcinoma cancer
That is located in the glandular tissue of the breast within the lobe and has penetrated into other parts of the organ
Paget's disease cancer
of the nipple and (or) areola of the mammary gland
Tubular carcinoma
Is a type of ductal cancer, the cells of which form single-layer tubes surrounded by fibers
Inflammatory breast cancer
Is a type of tumor when cancer cells block the small lymphatic channels in the breast (the task of which is to drain excess fluid), which causes inflammation
Cancer of nipple
For the location of the tumor in the tissues of the nipple
HER-2 positive subtype of breast cancer
Is a type of tumor in the cells of which the HER-2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) gene is active, as a result of which the membrane enzyme tyrosine protein kinase is produced, this determines the resistance of cancer cells to the action of drugs
luminal A subtype of breast cancer
Is a type of tumor that depends on the hormones progestin and estrogen (it grows under their influence, that is, hormone-dependent cancer) and is HER-2 negative
luminal B subtype of breast cancer
A type of tumor that depends on the hormones progestin and estrogen (it grows under their influence, that is, hormone-dependent cancer) and is HER-2 positive
If necessary, the doctors consult people not only in Ukraine, but also in any country in the world, both in the clinic itself in Kyiv and online by prior appointment.
Years of experience
Patients
A modern clinic in the center
Successful operations
Unique surgical techniques
Branch of surgery
Units of the latest equipment
Charitable surgical assistance
Self-examination of the breast should be done monthly.
In the case of a planned visit to the doctor, it is recommended to undergo a consultation in the first phase of the menstrual cycle (on 5–7 days), because during this period, the natural changes in the mammary glands due to fluctuations in the level of hormones are minimal, therefore the breasts are well palpated and this makes it easier to detect various lumps.
When a woman is in menopause, a doctor’s examination can be carried out on any day. If there are acute symptoms, you should not delay a visit to the doctor!
You should bring to the consultation all examination data, all previous medical documentation on any aspect of health (especially information about all manifestations, diseases and treatment and its results will be needed), and you should dress so that it is convenient to quickly remove clothes for the examination and put it on afterwards.
A woman should contact a general practitioner, gynecologist, oncologist or mammologist (there is even such a special specialty of doctors) or an oncologist in the following cases:
under the age of 40 – a general consultation examination with palpation of the mammary glands, ultrasound and other examinations as indicated
at the age of 40–50 years – consultation of a mammologist, ultrasound examination of the mammary glands, mammography (x-ray examination of the mammary glands) as indicated
at the age of 50 years – in addition to a consultation with a mammologist and an ultrasound examination, a mammogram is performed once every 2 years
local thickening in the mammary gland
change in the shape of the mammary gland, areola, nipple
pain in the mammary gland
unnatural discharge from the nipple (transparent or bloody)
an increase in axillary lymph nodes
The main method of modern treatment of any breast cancer is surgery. They also use radiation therapy, pharmaceuticals and a wide range of additional means of treatment and prevention.
There are dozens of options for breast cancer surgery. Modern surgery gives priority to the gentlest approaches and organ-preserving operations.
These operations have separate selection criteria, different performance techniques, indications, contraindications (taking into account the stage, growth characteristics, metastasis).
reduction mastopexy
to remove the excess volume of the mammary glands, while they are surgically tightened and reduced
endoprosthesis of mammary glands
an operation to increase (replenish) their volume, change their shape, co- rrect asymmetry with the use of synthetic fillers that are placed inside
symmetrizing vertical mastopexy of a healthy mammary gland
an operation aimed at forming identical (symmetrical) breasts
minimally invasive surgery of the mammary gland without a scalpel and anesthesia
puncture treatment of acute purulent lactating (or non-lactating) mastitis under ultrasound guidance followed by flow-washing drainage
axillary lymph node dissection (ALD)
an operation on the axillary lymph nodes
biopsy of the sentinel (or signal) lymph node (BSLN)
the so-called sampling selects a lymph node, removes it and examines it for the presence of breast cancer cells, using it as a sample
quadrantectomy
partial removal (resection) of the mammary gland, during which the tumor itself, part of the surrounding normal tissues and regional lymph nodes are removed
Patey mastectomy
removal of the mammary gland together with the axillary tissue and pectoralis minor muscle
Madden mastectomy
removal of the mammary gland together with axillary tissue, but without removal of the pectoralis major and minor pectoral muscles
modified radical mastectomy
less traumatic than conventional (classical), more acceptable in cosmetic and functional terms
oncoplastic lumpectomy with vertical mammoplasty on one side with axillary lymph node dissection
an organ-sparing operation, during which a fragment (sector) of the mammary gland where the pathology is located, as well as axillary lymph nodes, is removed, with maximum preservation of the gland
oncoplastic lumpectomy with vertical mammoplasty on one side with sentinel lymph node biopsy
an organ-sparing operation, during which a fragment (sector) of the mammary gland containing the pathology is removed, as well as one of the axillary lymph nodes, which is examined for the presence of tumor cells, with maximum preservation of the gland
oncoplastic lumpectomy with mammoplasty with local tissues on one side with axillary lymphodissection
an organ-sparing operation, during which a fragment (sector) of the mammary gland where the pathology is located, as well as axillary lymph nodes, is removed, with maximum preservation of the gland and restoration of the organ with its own tissues
oncoplastic lumpectomy with mammoplasty with local tissues on one side with biopsy of the sentinel lymph node
an organ-sparing operation in which a fragment (sector) of the mammary gland where the pathology is located is removed, as well as one of the axillary lymph nodes, which is examined for the presence of tumor cells, and restoration with its own tissues, with maximum preservation of the gland
oncoplastic lumpectomy with plastic areola on one side with axillary lymph node dissection
an organ-sparing operation, during which a fragment (sector) of the mammary gland where the pathology is located is removed, as well as axillary lymph nodes, and restoration of the areola, with maximum preservation of the gland
oncoplastic lumpectomy with plastic areola on one side with sentinel lymph node biopsy
an organ-sparing operation, during which a fragment (sector) of the mammary gland containing the pathology is removed, as well as one of the axillary lymph nodes, which is examined for the presence of tumor cells, and the areola is restored, with maximum preservation of the gland
oncoplastic lumpectomy with T-shaped mammoplasty on one side with axillary lymph node dissection
an organ-sparing operation, during which, making a T-shaped incision, a fragment (sector) of the mammary gland where the pathology is located, as well as axillary lymph nodes, are removed, with maximum preservation of the gland
oncoplastic lumpectomy with T-shaped mammoplasty on one side with sentinel lymph node biopsy
an organ-sparing operation, during which, making a T-shaped incision, a fragment (sector) of the mammary gland where the pathology is located is removed, as well as one of the axillary lymph nodes, which is examined for the presence of tumor cells, with maximum preservation of the gland
Halsted mastectomy
mammary gland, axillary tissue with the pectoralis major and minor pectoral muscles are removed
subcutaneous mastectomy with simultaneous breast endoprosthesis with axillary lymphodissection
removal of breast tissue, preserving the integrity of the skin as much as possible, and simultaneous increase (replenishment) of their volume, change in shape, correction of asymmetry with the use of synthetic fillers that are placed inside, as well as removal of axillary lymph nodes
subcutaneous mastectomy with one-time endoprosthesis of the breast gland with sentinel lymph node biopsy
removal of breast tissue, preserving the integrity of the skin as much as possible, and simultaneous increase (replenishment) of their volume, change in shape, correction of asymmetry with the use of synthetic fillers that are placed inside, as well as removal one of the axillary lymph nodes, which is examined for the presence of tumor cells
subcutaneous mastectomy with simultaneous placement of an expander with axillary lymphodissection
removal of breast tissue, preserving the integrity of the skin as much as possible, and simultaneous installation of an expander (a special "bag" that is filled with physiological solution, bringing the breast to the required size and shape), as well as removal of axillary lymph nodes
subcutaneous mastectomy with simultaneous placement of an expander with biopsy of the sentinel lymph node
removal of breast tissue, preserving the integrity of the skin as much as possible, and simultaneous installation of an expander (a special "bag" that is filled with saline solution, bringing the breast to the required size and shape), as well as removal of one of the axillary lymph nodes, which are examined for the presence of tumor cells
simple lumpectomy
removal of a fragment of breast tissue within the tumor
radical mastectomy on one side with axillary lymphodissection
complete removal of the mammary gland together with underlying fatty tissue, fascia, pectoralis major and minor pectoral muscles, axillary lymph nodes
radical mastectomy on one side with biopsy of the sentinel lymph node
complete removal of the mammary gland together with underlying fatty tissue, fascia, pectoralis major and minor pectoral muscles, one of the axillary lymph nodes, which is examined for the presence of tumor cells
one-time breast reconstruction using own tissues
breast flap reconstruction, for which the skin-muscle flap is taken from other parts of the body (stomach, back, buttocks)
one-time breast reconstruction using a TRAM-flap
a flap of the anterior abdominal wall is used for breast reconstruction (transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap, a transverse skin-muscular flap based on the rectus abdominis muscle)
single-moment breast reconstruction using a thoraco-dorsal flap
for breast reconstruction, a skin-muscle flap is taken based on the broadest muscle of the back
one-time breast reconstruction using a gluteal flap
for breast reconstruction, a skin-muscular flap is taken on the basis of the large gluteal muscle
one-time reconstruction with the use of implants
breast reconstruction surgery using implants (fillers that allow the body to be given the desired shape)
Prior to breast surgery, preliminary consultations and examinations are carried out
(to assess the general condition of the blood, presence and nature, severity of inflammation)
(to determine how blood clots)
(to make sure that everything is in order with the kidneys and urinary tract)
(to find out how the heart works)
of the mammary glands (and, if necessary, other organs to determine their condition)
(to find out the features of the structure of the mammary glands)
(according to indications, to find out the peculiarities of tissue and cellular structures, to study genes)
if necessary (in particular, endoscopic diagnostics)
The direct preparation of a woman for various operations on the mammary gland differs slightly, taking into account the peculiarities of each operation – its technique, type of anesthesia (pain relief), as well as the peculiarities of the body’s condition, etc.
The woman is either brought to the operating room on a gurney or escorted on foot. In the airlock room, a medical cap and shoe covers are put on (to prevent microorganisms from entering the air of the operating room).
Surgical operations on the mammary gland are performed by an operating team of a certain composition, taking into account the specifics of each operation.
The woman is placed on the operating table (depending on the specifics of the operation, the position of the body may differ), fixed to it with special straps – to prevent accidental involuntary movements that will interfere with the operation, as well as to prevent the body from accidentally falling off the table.
The course of the operation corresponds to the specifics of the selected surgical tactics, technique, etc.
For aesthetic purposes, in particular, after previously performed operations on the mammary gland, the following can be performed:
Lifting of the mammary glands and avoiding their sagging
Introduction of an implant under the mammary gland in order to give the breast an aesthetic appearance
After surgery, a woman wakes up in the ward for postoperative observation. If necessary, oxygen can be supplied through a thin tube to provide the body with a sufficient amount of oxygen. The nurse will carefully monitor the condition of the body and, if necessary, apply drugs agreed with the doctor.
Before patient’s return home, the doctor will examine the areas where the intervention was performed, agree on the tactics of further rehabilitation, give additional advice.
All necessary interventions (tumor removal, replacement, implant installation) are performed at once, and not in several stages.
The patient does not need a second surgical intervention, the entire operation is performed simultaneously according to the standards of the association of mammologists of Europe.
Minimum number of scars.
Hospital stay 2 days, postoperative rehabilitation – 7 days
Ukrainian producer, author and songwriter, director, screenwriter, composer, TV presenter, water polo master, coach of the vocal show "Voice of the Country", and founder of the Mozgi ENT production center. Honored Artist of Ukraine
Journalist, radio presenter, TV presenter. Host of the talk show "Ukraine Speaks" on the "UKRAINE" TV channel.
Journalist, presenter of the programs "Applies to everyone", "Coolest of all" on the "INTER" TV channel.
A pediatrician and anesthesiologist, he works at the Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston clinic, which belongs to Harvard University. Is a leader in the field of children's medicine.
Participant of the project "I am ashamed of my body" TV channel "STB".
Neoplasms, tumors of the mammary gland (in particular, cancer) can be located in different places of the organ and, taking this into account, look different. Due to the location in the depth of the gland, there may be no external manifestations at all (unless the compaction is determined by palpation), and if it is in the area of the nipple, it is deformed, compacted.
In general, with rare exceptions, pain is not a characteristic manifestation of breast cancer. But, due to the growth of tumor tissue, there may be a feeling of distension, swelling and other discomfort up to pain.
Unnatural discharge from the nipple (bloody or transparent), deformation of the nipple, change in the shape of the skin of the breast (such as “citrus peel” or unusual folds, wrinkles), non-healing ulcers, swelling, discomfort (tension, distension to the point of pain), enlargement of regional lymph nodes (under the armpits) etc. For metastases – signs of damage to the corresponding organs (lungs, liver, bones, brain).
In addition to external manifestations, general and special tests are used to diagnose breast cancer – instrumental (ultrasound, mammography, etc.) and laboratory (blood for tumor markers, tissue biopsy, and histochemical, genetic, and other morphological and other studies).
Potentially – yes, any breast cancer is curable, at least if it is diagnosed in time and adequate treatment is applied.
The rate of progression of breast cancer depends on many factors (type of tumor, body condition, timeliness of diagnosis, adequacy of treatment, etc.); conditionally – from 1-3 years or more from the moment of the first manifestations to metastasis to other organs.
